conclusive presumption
conclusive presumption 不容辩驳的推定；决定性推定 指根据一已证实事实推定另一事实的真实性，并且任何其他证据，无论有多大说服力，都不能推翻该推定，例如推定不满特定年龄的儿童不可能同意与他人性交。
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Search Results for: conclusive presumption
conclusive presumption
A presumption that cannot be overcome by any additional evidence or argument [it is a conclusive presumption that a child under the age of seven is incapable of committing a felony]. — Also termed absolute presumption; irrebuttable presumption; mandatory presumption; presumption juris et de jure. Cf. rebuttable presumption. [Cases: Constitutional Law 253(5); Evidence 53–89. C.J.S.
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rebuttable presumption
An inference drawn from certain facts that establish a prima facie case, which may be overcome by the introduction of contrary evidence. — Also termed prima facie presumption; disputable presumption; conditional presumption; praesumptio juris. Cf. conclusive presumption. [Cases: Evidence 89. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 131, 135, 152–156, 160.]
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presumption
presumption n. 推定 在证据法上，推定是指从其他经司法认知或经证明或承认为真实的事实(一般称为基础事实〔basic facts〕)中推断出某一事实成立或为真实。在英美证据法中，推定一般可以分为三种：１决定性的或不可反驳的法律推定〔conclusive or irrebuttable presumption of law〕。它是由法律确立的绝对性的推论，不允许以证据加以反驳。如英国1933年的《儿童和青少年法》〔Children and Young Persons Act〕规定「10岁以下的儿童不能犯任何罪」，即是一条决定性的推定，且即使有最清楚的证据可以证明行为人有犯罪意图，也不能用来推翻该推定。对不可反驳的法律推定更恰当地应该称为法律规则或法律拟制〔fiction of law〕。２非决定性的或可反驳的法律推定〔inconclusive or rebuttable presumption of law〕。它是指按法律要求从已知事实中得出的推论，允许以相反的证据加以反驳，在被反证推翻之前，该推论成立，如无罪推定。３事实推定〔presumption of fact〕。它是指法官或者陪审团可以(而不是必须)从其他已经证实的事实中得出的推论。事实推定亦非决定性的，允许以反证加以反驳。某一事实推定效力的强弱要取决于具体情况以及有无不同解释。如根据在一段时间内持续占有的事实可以推定占有人对其占有的财产享有所有权，即是一项效力强的推定〔strong presumption〕；而根据某人与被谋杀的死者有金钱上的利益关系推定该人犯有谋杀罪，即是一项效力弱的推定〔slight presumption〕。
irrebuttable presumption
irrebuttable presumption. See conclusive presumption under PRESUMPTION.
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statutory presumption
A rebuttable or conclusive presumption that is created by statute. [Cases: Evidence 53. C.J.S. Evidence §§ 2, 130–132, 134, 1341.]
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prima facie presumption
prima facie presumption 初步推定 在被当事人提出的相反证据推翻以前有效的推定，即可反驳的推定〔rebuttable presumption〕。与不可反驳的推定〔conclusive presumption〕相对。
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irrebuttable presumption
irrebuttable presumption 不可反驳的推定(→conclusive presumption)
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presumption juris et de jure
presumption juris et de jure 法律推定 属于决定性推定〔conclusive presumption〕。
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enrolled bill rule
The conclusive presumption that a statute, once formalized, appears precisely as the legislature intended, thereby preventing any challenge to the drafting of the bill. [Cases: Statutes 283(2).C.J.S. Statutes §§ 74–75, 77.]
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